New Delhi, June 30, 2025 – India, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, has set its sights on becoming a global powerhouse, aiming to rival China within the next 25 years. With bold policies and a vision for economic and geopolitical influence, the Modi government has made significant strides. However, questions remain about whether its domestic and foreign policies could undermine these ambitious goals.
India’s Rising Global Profile
Over the past decade, Modi’s government has worked to elevate India’s standing on the world stage. The country’s foreign policy emphasizes “strategic autonomy,” allowing India to balance relationships with major powers like the United States, Russia, and China. Key achievements include strengthening ties with the U.S. through defense agreements and technology initiatives, hosting the G20 summit in 2023, and securing a permanent seat for the African Union in the G20, showcasing India’s commitment to global inclusivity.
India’s economic policies, such as the “Make in India” initiative and Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, aim to boost manufacturing and attract foreign investment. These efforts have drawn companies like Apple to set up assembly plants in India, signaling progress toward becoming a global manufacturing hub. Additionally, India’s advancements in space exploration, including the Chandrayaan missions and an astronaut’s journey to the International Space Station, highlight its growing technological prowess.
The China Rivalry
India’s ambition to rival China is rooted in its rapid economic growth and strategic positioning. With a population of over 1.4 billion and a growing economy, India sees itself as a counterweight to China’s dominance in Asia. Modi’s government has taken a firm stance on border disputes with China, recently reaching an agreement on patrolling arrangements along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), signaling a willingness to manage tensions while asserting India’s interests.
However, analysts point out that India’s current economic growth rate of around 6% lags far behind what is needed to close the gap with China, the world’s second-largest economy. Experts argue that India must accelerate industrial growth, particularly in manufacturing, to compete effectively.
Challenges at Home
While India’s global aspirations are clear, domestic challenges could slow its progress. Critics argue that the Modi government’s policies, including its emphasis on Hindu nationalism (Hindutva), have deepened social divisions. Reports from organizations like V-Dem and Freedom House classify India as an “electoral autocracy” and “partly free,” citing concerns over weakening judicial independence and restrictions on dissent. These trends could deter foreign investors and strain India’s image as a stable democracy.
Economic policies also face scrutiny. Despite initiatives like “Make in India,” critics, including opposition leader Rahul Gandhi, argue that India remains heavily reliant on imports, particularly from China, for electronic components. Manufacturing has not grown as expected, and youth unemployment remains a pressing issue, potentially undermining India’s economic ambitions.
Foreign Policy: Strength or Weakness?
Modi’s foreign policy has been praised for its assertiveness, with India playing a key role in groups like the Quad (with the U.S., Japan, and Australia) and BRICS. However, some experts argue that India’s “multi-alignment” approach—maintaining ties with both Western and non-Western powers—lacks strategic clarity. For instance, India’s reluctance to fully align with the U.S. against China could limit its ability to counter Beijing’s influence effectively.
Recent tensions with China over rare earth minerals and trade, as well as India’s public criticism of China’s dominance in key resources, highlight the delicate balancing act. While India seeks to reduce dependence on Chinese imports, it must navigate these relations carefully to avoid economic disruptions.
The Road Ahead
India’s ambition to rival China by 2050 is bold but achievable, provided it addresses key challenges. To compete globally, India needs to boost economic growth, invest heavily in manufacturing, and promote social harmony to maintain investor confidence. Strengthening institutions and ensuring democratic stability will also be critical to sustaining India’s global image.
Modi’s government has laid a strong foundation, but its policies must evolve to balance domestic priorities with international goals. As one analyst noted, “India’s global image isn’t translating into power yet. It needs self-reliance and unity to truly challenge China.”
For now, India’s journey to becoming a global rival to China is a work in progress. The Modi government’s ability to address internal divisions, accelerate economic reforms, and navigate complex global relationships will determine whether it can turn its ambitions into reality.
Disclaimer: This article is an original piece based on recent developments and analysis of India’s policies and global ambitions, drawing on publicly available information.
